Violence in the Media Essay -- Papers

Violence in the Media America has become the most violent nation in the industrialized world. The many violent images seen in movies and on television on a daily basis, though not the only cause, are a strong contributing factor. There are those that feel the point-of-view from which the audience views the violence varies directly with the way the scene affects them. A film's perspective determines the audience's reaction. In "slasher" films, for example, the point of view shifts between the attacker and the victim. So the audience feels the terror of the victim and the lust of the victimizer. If the viewer shares the experience with the victim they feel helplessness, fear, and also the rage that comes with being attacked. However, when the viewer is allowed to share the experience of the attacker the perspective is different, they get the sense of power and being in control. In many sexual assault scenes the camera focuses on the victim's face, which puts the viewer in the position of the rapist. What is of concern is that many Americans want to identify with the powerful attacker. It can be argued whether or not this is a direct cause of imitative violence but it, with out a doubt, offers viewers the vicarious experience of violence related to sex. (Censorship, 1985) Television does not make people commit crimes, but it provides the ideas, social sanction, and often the instruction that encourages anti-social behavior according to Madeline Levine, psychologist. (Viewing Violence, 1996) Dr. Jib Fowles, a researcher from the University of Houston would disagree. He testified to the U.S. Congress that TV violence was a good way to relieve tension. Dr. Radecki strongly disagreed saying that "Fowles has never done a si... ...itable role models for them. Bibliography: Croteau, David and William Hoynes. 1997. Media/Society: Industries, . Images, and Audiences. London: Pine Forge Press. Dudley, William,ed. 1999. Media Violence: Opposing Viewpoints. San . Diego: Greenhaven Press, Inc. Fiske, John. 1989. Understanding Popular Culture. New York: Routledge. Holland, Keating. 1999. "Violence in the Media Should be Regulated." . CNN Poll. http://www.ultranet.com/crowleyn/ccnnpoll.html Levine, Madeline. 1996. Viewing Violence. New York: Double Day. O'Neill, Terry. 1985. Censorship: Opposing Viewpoints. St. Paul, MO: Green Haven Press, Inc. University of California at Los Angeles. Television Monitoring Report. . http://www.cep.org/tvviolence.html

Police Department Organization Essay

There are three different types of police departments they individually have their own jurisdictions nonetheless their structure is very similar. For bigger departments the structure is going to be more in depth mainly because of all the moving parts in its system. For those smaller departments it will be smaller due to fewer personnel on shift and tasks at hand. In the Unites States we have three different types of police departments local, state, and federal. In this paper you will find a brief description of all three. In the city of El Centro California we have a smaller department due to the population here in El Centro. El Centro Police Department was established in 1908 it involves 58 sworn officers and 26 civilian employees. The structure is made up of the Police Chief, Commanders, Lieutenants, Sergeants, field officers, and civilian employees. This department comprises of three sub-divisions patrol, traffic, and Crisis Response Unit. Patrol is in charge of patrolling the city and making police presence known. Traffic division handles city traffic and makes sure that residents and visitors alike are respecting all speed limits and traffic signals. Crisis Response Unit is a specialized unit that has been established to handle critical field operations. It manages sensitive calls such as those where negotiations are needed; it is also capable of deploying specialized units where highly trained officers are need. Investigations Division accounts for two sergeants, seven detectives, one community service officer, and a secretary. Four of the seven detectives are assigned to handle multi-jurisdictional narcotics enforcement and one detective is allocated to juvenile crimes. Evidence and property is controlled by the community service officer. The person responsible for the Investigation Divisions smooth operations is the division secretary. The Chief, Executive Commander, and Staff assistant lead the Administration Division. Police Chief Jim McGinley is the current chief for El Centro police department. Chief McGinley has 32 years of law enforcement practice; previously he served as Commanding Officer for San Diego Police Department. Prior to retirement in 2005 Chief McGinley headed the Investigations Divisions 2. Chief McGinley was in charge of elder abuse, auto theft, financial crimes, robbery, gangs, and homicide. California Highway Patrol was formed August 14, 1929. It consists of eight different divisions throughout California. Their structure is very similar to a military unit. At the top of its structure is the Commissioner which has the following offices under it Office of Special Representative, Office of Inspector General, and Office of Employee Relations. Deputy Commissioner follows with the Office of legal affairs, Medical Relations, and Equal Employment Opportunity. After that the structure branches of into two different components one being administrative and the other being the officers on the beat. Assistant Commissioner Staff has several departments like Administrative Service Division, Information management, Enforcement & Planning, Office of the Academy, Internal Affairs, Office of Employee Assistance & safety, and the Office of Organization Development. Assistant Commissioner Field is the other branch that I mentioned. This office also has various divisions and offices like Protective Service Division, Office of Air Operations, State Security Division, and all of it different patrol divisions in the state. The state is broken down into eight different divisions I will name them form southern California to northern California; Border Division, Southern Division, Inland Division, Central Division, Costal Division, Valley Division, Golden gate Division, and Northern Division. California Highway Patrol has two main missions the primary one is to make sure that all traffic and transportation along freeways and state routes. CHP officer still maintain police authority out of state route and freeways. CHP’s secondary mission is to aid and assist to any emergencies that exceed local capabilities. A federal police agency is the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) and it was founded in July 1973 formed by President Richard Nixon. He established this agency to combat the war on drugs and not only nationwide but worldwide as well. According to the Drug Enforcement Administration web page the DEA has nearly 5,000 Special Agents and a budget of $2.02 billion. The Administrations structure is very complex and consists of many different divisions. At the top of its enormous structure it has its Administrator and Deputy Administrator followed by five different branches forming the top of this structure. It has Executive Equal Opportunity & Employee Assistant Staff (ADE), Executive Policy & Strategic Planning Staff (ADS), Office of Administrative Law Judges (LJ), Office of Chief Council, and Office of Congressional & public Affairs. Drug Enforcement Administration has many other divisions and departments that they account for a whole thirty one of them to be exact with the last one being field operations. DEA has a much larger structure mainly because it not only fights the war on drugs and terrorism in the United States but it also must do it worldwide. References www.chp.ca.gov www.cityofelcentro.org/police/ www.justice.gov/dea

Machiavelli Ecclesiastical Principalities - 1238 Words

Word count: 1,206 (with citations) The Prince is Machiavelli’s guide for ruling and conquering states. Machiavelli elaborates on various ways to acquire principalities and provides the reader with a straightforward guide on how to successfully conquer and maintain control over states. Machiavelli analyses the strengths and flaws of certain paths to conquest, how to maintain a hold on power and the importance of strong arms. Machiavelli sees humans as easily persuaded and simple minded. He believes that all people want to be controlled and guided and those who control do so because their intellect is much greater than the average person. In chapter eleven, Ecclesiastical Principalities, Machiavelli elaborates on the strength and weaknesses†¦show more content†¦Imitating the work of a past ruler is also important because â€Å"If his own virtue does not reach that far, at least he will be in the odor of it†. Pope Jullius demonstrates this perfectly by continuing through Alexander VI footsteps and finding new ways to make the church great by means of money and arms. Fear is another strength that sustains Ecclesiastical Principalities. Humans believe in Gods practices because they fear what would happen if they seized to believe. Moses invokes fear by brutally killing all who lost faith in him. Those who Moses spared remain thankful that they were not harmed while those who were harmed stay weak and too scared to rebel. Machiavelli insinuates that all humans want to be controlled and guided. When not under direct guidance, humans are fearful of their life outside the Ecclesiastical Principality. Fear was also used to maintain dominance by Remirro. He placed a mangled corpse in the middle of town square which left the people astounded. In doing so, people fear the Princes brutality and therefore, obey him. This is seen in all types of principalities. Overall, Machiavellis first impression of Ecclesiastical Principalities is that they differ from the others becauseShow MoreRelatedBook Review: The Prince Essay1014 Words   |  5 Pagesnovel and write a book review on it. I chose to read The Prince by Niccolo Machiavelli, and it sure did not disappoint. For a book on history, it was not so bad. The two parts to this review include a summary and a critical analysis. This paper will discuss the major points Machiavelli made in his book and analyze his tone and writing style, with an overall critique. The Prince is a novel written in 1513 by Niccolo Machiavelli. This book contains 26 chapters, focusing on acquiring and maintainingRead MoreMachiavellis Conception of Virtu and Fortuna2644 Words   |  11 PagesMachiavellis conception of virtu and fortuna Niccolo Machiavelli is considered the father of modern political science. Living in the late fifteenth and early sixteenth-centurys, Machiavelli was a citizen of the city-state of Florence where he served as a secretary to the city council and as a diplomatic envoy for 14 years. The Prince was published five years after his death and is regarded as his most famous work. The Prince is an articulate and precise explanation of the way to use the lessonRead More Separating Political Conduct and Personal Morality in Niccolà ² Machiavellis, The Prince2131 Words   |  9 PagesSeparating Political Conduct and Personal Morality in Niccolà ² Machiavellis, The Prince Niccolà ² Machiavelli wrote, in his novel The Prince, that strong central political leadership was more important than anything else, including religion and moral behavior. Machiavelli, writing during a period of dramatic change known as the Italian Renaissance, displayed attitudes towards many issues, mostly political, which supported his belief that strong government was the most important element in societyRead MoreThe Prince by Niccolo Machiavelli2045 Words   |  8 Pagesparticularly significant as Niccolà ² di Bernardo dei Machiavelli, was born into the nobility in the Republic of Florence on 3rd May 1469. He was educated in Latin and then studied at the University of Florence. This fuelled his interest in political theory and so the Medici. During his childhood, Lorenzo de Medici, Il Magnifico, had vast power and influence over the fortunes of Florence fortunes. In awe of the ‘magnificence of the Medicean ruler’ Lorenzo, Machiavelli would later, dedicate The Pr ince to Lorenzo’sRead MoreA Man for All Season and Machiavellis Doctrine: Reiteration of History1924 Words   |  8 Pagesand conscience. From that time, Sir More was in disagreement with King Henrys divorce, which led him to his own doom. Realizing that Sir More would not submit, the king decided to turn to his other advisors and approached Sir Thomas Cromwell. Machiavelli said, cruel behavior is to be used only when necessary for the common good. To Sir Cromwell, it is a necessity that the kings orders must be followed whatever it takes: Â…its much more a matter of convenience, administrative convenience (BoltRead MoreMachiavelli s The Power Of Fear Essay2150 Words   |  9 Pagesthat threaten our well-being and sometimes our very lives. Sensing fear, we respond by running away, by hiding, or by preparing to ward off the danger. The concept of fear in political terms was first brought into light by Niccolà ² di Bernardo dei Machiavelli, who was an Italian Renaissance historian, politician, diplomat, philosopher, humanist, and writer. He has often been called the founder of modern political science. He was for many years a senior official in the Florentine Republic, with responsibilitiesRead MoreA Man For All Season And Machiavellis Doctrine: Reiteration Of History1881 Words   |  8 Pagesconscience. From that time, Sir More was in disagreement with King Henrys divorce, which led him to his own doom. Realizing that Sir More would not submit, the king decided to turn to his other advisors and approached Sir Thomas Cromwell. Machiavelli said, cruel behavior is to be used only when necessary for the common good. To Sir Cromwell, it is a necessity that the kings orders must be followed whatever it takes: Â…its much more a matter of convenience, administrative convenience (BoltRead MoreMachiavelli And Socrates1976 Words   |  8 Pagesturmoil, both Socrates and Machiavelli use philosophy to evaluate people and politics. After seeing corruption, fragmentation and death, both philosophers developed different views. Machiavelli’s concept of a Prince includes strong stances on morality and religion. Socrates would be likely to agree on the general ideas that Machiavelli believes a Prince should have but he would differ mainly in how they should be executed. I believe that Socrates would agree with Machiavelli that there needs to be aRead MorePlato, Augustine, And Machiavelli1906 Words   |  8 PagesAugustine, and Machiavelli uphold differing opinions on how politically involved one should become. C omparatively, each of the men holds different views on God. In this paper, I argue that their beliefs about God determine what they value and prioritize, therefore influencing how essential they considered politics in order to achieve their ends. Plato seems to prefer very little political involvement, Augustine encourages some participation but with several stipulations, and Machiavelli urges significantRead MoreA Brief Note On Indian Poetry After Islam Essay1435 Words   |  6 Pageswell known odes to Laura. Laura was known as his lover. Petrarch was writing and was also used to shape the modern Italian language. He passed away at age of 69 in 1374. Classics and Humanism Petrarch became a cleric, making him eligible for ecclesiastical postings. Him doing so supported him as he pursued his interest in ancient literature. When Petrarch started traveling as a diplomatic envoy for the Church, he was able to search for forgotten classical texts. Throughout his lifetime, Petrarch

Chemicals You Should Never Mix

Supply Chain Management Practices of Spanish Garments...

Introduction This case discusses the unique supply chain management practices of Spanish garments retailer Zara, which enabled it to gain competitive advantage over other fashion retailers in the world. Zaras vertically integrated supply chain system enabled the company to place the latest designs in any store across the world within a period of two to three weeks. The company produced garments as per the latest trends in a limited quantity. Zara introduced 12,000 designs every year, with new designs appearing in the stores globally, twice a week. The case explains in detail the design, production and distribution processes of Zaras supply chain. About Zara Zara was founded by Amancio Ortega Gaona (Ortega), who was born in†¦show more content†¦Zara sourced undyed fabric from the Far East, Morocco, and India. Zara’s Voyage ZARA begins its activity with the opening in A Coruna (Spain) of its first store, although the origins of the group date back to 1963, the year in which Amancio Ortega Gaona, chairman founder, begins his business activity (1975). GOASAM was founded by the owner of the ZARA and continues with the opening of the first stores in Spain (1976). The creation of INDITEX as head of the corporate group (1985). The opening of the first ZARA store outside Spain occurs in December 1988 in Oporto (Portugal) (1988). The United States France are the next markets in which the group begins its activity with the opening of outlets in New York (1989) Paris (1990). The birth of PULLBEAR chain and the purchase of 65% of MASSIMO DUTTI group (1991). INDITEX continues to open new international markets in Mexico (1992), Greece (1993) and Belgium Sweden (1994). INDITEX acquires the whole of the share capital of MASSIMO DUTTI. This year also sees the opening of first store of the group in Malta and in the following year in Cyprus (1995). Norway and Israel join the list in which INDITEX is present (1997). The BERSHKA chain, targeting the younger female market, commences its activity in a year which also sees the opening of new stores in new countries: Argentina, Japan, United Kingdom, Venezuela, Lebanon,Show MoreRelatedZara s Supply Chain Management3096 Words   |  13 PagesZara’s Supply Chain Management (SCM) System Ratchanobon Kamdecha Virginia International University CMP 570 Enterprise Information Systems Professor Moses Niwe October 22, 2014 Table of Contents: Abstract 3 - Introduction 4 - History 4 - Production 4 - Design 4 - Store 5 - Distribution and Procurement 5 The supply chain of Zara 6 - Rules of fashion supply chain management system 7 - The value chain of Zara 8 - Zara informationRead MoreZara Supply Chain2404 Words   |  10 PagesA network and flow explanation to Zara’ success Angel Dà ­az and Luis Solà ­s Instituto de Empresa, Maria de Molina 12, 5 °, Madrid 28006, Spain E-mails: angel.diaz@ie.edu; luis.solis@ie.edu Abstract Zara is a Spanish fashion manufacturer and retailer that has known swift success. Spaniards have become used to visiting Zara frequently, as there is always a new product. Zara launches 100 different collections every year, with over 11000 models, none lasting more than five weeks in production and withRead MoreThe Supply Chain Management And Logistics Of Fashion Retailer Essay2114 Words   |  9 PagesThis report aims to study the supply chain management and logistics of fashion retailer, Zara, to boost customer value. The concept of sustainability and competitive advantage is considered with other business models and compared with successful and unsuccessful company. The study is compared with the supply chain management and business strategies of Zara with Dell and Zara with Myers. Introduction Zara was founded and established 1975 by Spanish born Amancio Ortega Gaona. The actual store dealtRead MoreCompare and contrast the supply chain management approaches take by HM, Benetton and Zara2719 Words   |  11 PagesThe purpose of this essay is to discuss different supply chain management approaches taken by HM, Benetton and Zara. It is first necessary to explain what a supply chain management means. Supply chain management involves planning, design, maintenance and control of the flow of materials and information along the chain in order to efficiently satisfy customers requirements (Schroeder, 2000). Such an approach, of looking at the entire supply network helps organisations identify their competitiveRead MoreZara Operations Management2580 Words   |  11 Pagesï » ¿Executive Su Zara is a Spanish clothing and accessories retailer based in Arteixo, Galicia, and founded in 1975 by Amancio Ortega and Rosalà ­a Mera. Zara is a chain of stores Belonging to the Spanish fashi on group INDITEX founded by Amancio Ortega Gaona. It is the companys flagship chain and is represented in Europe, America, Africa and Asia with 1412 stores in 69 countries, 324 of them in Spain with the headquarters in La Coru;a. During 2007 it opened 560 stores across the group. Zara is committedRead MoreLeagile Supply Chain for Fast Fashion Industry4645 Words   |  19 PagesSupply Chain Management Fast Fashion Industry [pic] MBA 4642 - Products Processes Module Leader: Dr. Louise Boutler Venkatesh Kumar Subburaj Assignment 2 (Individual) Word Count: 2193 M00328327 04.04.2011 Middlesex University Business School Contents ABSTRACT 3 1. Introduction 4 1.1 Nature of fast fashion industry 4 2. Importance of agile supply chain in fast fashion industry 5 3. Managing the Fashion logistics pipeline 6 4. Global Quick Response (GQR) in FashionRead MoreThe Supply Chain Management And Logistics Of Fashion Retailer2264 Words   |  10 PagesSummary This report aims to study the supply chain management and logistics of fashion retailer, Zara, to boost customer value. The concept of sustainability and competitive advantage is considered with other business models and compared with successful and unsuccessful company. The study is compared with the supply chain management and business strategies of Zara with Dell and Zara with Myers. Introduction Zara was founded and established 1975 by Spanish born Amancio Ortega Gaona. The actual storeRead MoreIct Developments in Supply Chain Management Within the Fashion Industry4127 Words   |  17 Pagesdevelopments in Supply Chain Management within the Fashion Industry Group C7 Laurence Dumenil 10263080 Laurence.dumenil@ucd.ie Ian Foley 10287825 Ian.Foley@ucdconnect.ie Noirin Kirwan 10272127 noirin.kirwan@ucdconnect.ie Paul Murray 03528731 paul.murray1@ucdconnect.ie Cathy Smith 10269886   Cathy.Smith.1@ucdconnect.ie Andres Villar 10279253 Andres.Villar@ucdconnect.ie Table of Contents: 3 Introduction 3 History of the Industry 4 Outline of Supply Chain Management 6 Supply chainRead MoreFast Fashion3100 Words   |  13 Pagesdemand for newness and fashion trend force the emergence of ‘fast fashion’ strategy in retailers like Zara and Hamp;M and shifts in the focus of competitive advantage from price towards quick response. That is to say, clothing firms, which are adopting global or offshore sourcing strategy, are not considered to have more competitive advantages as before. However, the question is: should fast fashion retailers adopt quick response strategy instead of overseas sourcing strategy immediately, or adoptRead MoreZara Business Case15365 Words   |  62 Pages9-703-497 REV: DECEMBER 21, 2006 PANKAJ GHEMAWAT JOSÉ LUIS NUENO ZARA: Fast Fashion Fashion is the imitation of a given example and satisfies the demand for social adaptation. . . . The more an article becomes subject to rapid changes of fashion, the greater the demand for cheap products of its kind. — Georg Simmel, â€Å"Fashion† (1904) Inditex (Industria de Diseà ±o Textil) of Spain, the owner of Zara and five other apparel retailing chains, continued a trajectory of rapid, profitable growth by posting

Fitzgerald, Scott The Great Gatspy, Symbolism Essay Example For Students

Fitzgerald, Scott: The Great Gatspy, Symbolism Essay The Great Gatsby symbolism essay. By: KristinThe Hidden Story in Green and White Color symbolism is really popular in novels written during the 1920s. One such example is Scott Fitzgeralds novel The Great Gatsby. There is much color symbolism in this novel, but there are two main colors that stand out more than the others. The colors green and white influence the story greatly. Green shows many thoughts, ideas, attitudes, and choices that Gatsby has throughout the story. White represents the stereotypical fa?ade that every character is hiding behind. The color green, as it is used in the novel, symbolizes different choices the character, Gatsby, can make during his life. The green element in this novel is taken from the green light at the end of the dock near Daisys house. The color itself represents serenity, as in everything is perfect. This warns Gatsby that he should not pursue his dream for getting Daisy back, because his chance has passed and everything is as it should be. This is shown with Nicks insight, ?Hi s dream must have seemed so close that he could hardly fail to grasp it. He did not know that it was already behind him? (Pg.189)Another symbolization of the color green, which contradicts the first, is the meaning go. As in a traffic light signal, most people associate green with the word and action go. This can be interpreted as meaning Gatsby should go for his dream without hesitation. It implies that Gatsby and Daisy are meant to be together and nothing should stop Gatsby from his destined happiness and love with Daisy. It inspires hope for Gatsby that he is on the right path, heading towards the best years of his life. He believes that things will soon be as they once were, only better. Im going to fix everything just the way they were before, he said nodding determinedly. Shell see.(Pg. 117.) The last symbolization the color green has in this novel is an urge to strive ahead in life, to do better in life and succeed. Gatsby changes his entire persona for a better, more sociabl e, image and status. He is constantly striving to be a more successful figure in society. Ever since he was a boy he put himself on a schedule with hopes for becoming a highly respected, well-known person. He knew he had a big future in front of him. (Pg. 181), his dad says about him. Jimmy was bound to get ahead. He always had some resolves like this?(Pg. 182).White is the other color symbolism interlaced into this novel. Where green only influenced one character, white has a wider range of influence on the characters. This color symbolizes one thing, a fa?ade, but it appears in every character. For example, Daisy is always seen wearing white, which gives her and innocent naive appearance. It is as though she uses that as an excuse for when she does something ridiculous or childish, making it seem like she does not know any better. In reality, she knows exactly what she does but just doesnt care. She uses this little princess image and her money to hide her biased, snobbish, and co nceited view of herself and her lifestyle. They were careless people, Tom and Daisythey smashed up things and creatures and then retreated back into their money or their vast carelessness or whatever it was that kept them together?(Pg. 187-188).Another character that hides behind the white symbolic fa?ade is Jordan Baker. She also wears white quite often. She acts as though she is superior to everyone around her. Her posture, her attitude, and even the things she says imply this arrogance. She was extended full length at her end of the divan, completely motionless and with her chin raised a little as if she were balancing something on it which was quite likely to fall. If she saw me she me out of the corner of her eyes she gave no hint of it-indeed I was almost surprised into murmuring an apology for having disturbed her by coming in. (Pg.13). She portrays a bored and apathetic attitude about everything, which is part of her I am too good for you appearance. In reality, she just wan ts to be as respected and socially accepted as Gatsby. She is not willing to take responsibility for her actions and uses her image as a guard implying that she could not have possibly done anything immoral, much like Daisy. However, She was incurably dishonest. She wasnt able to endure being at a disadvantage, and given this unwillingness I suppose she had begun dealing in subterfuges when she was very young in order to keep the cool insolent smile turned towards the world and yet satisfy the demands of her hard jaunty body. (Pg. 63). Color symbolism is not very noticeable, yet it can tell a great deal about a story. In this case, the colors give the reader a look at the characters choices and the paths he or she could have chosen compared to the ones the character chose, which adds dimension to the story. The green the different choices Gatsby can make, whether it serves as a warning, an inspiration, or an urge to get ahead. The white symbolizes a mask, or a fa?ade. It allows the characters to portray themselves as a whole other person and hide who they really are. This puts a piece of reality into the story, as everyone wears a white mask of some kind to hide his or her true self from the world. It is the unsubtle clues given to the reader that are fascinating and allow a person to relate to the characters. .u3d01f74d7846292c04304c1dd31dd1f0 , .u3d01f74d7846292c04304c1dd31dd1f0 .postImageUrl , .u3d01f74d7846292c04304c1dd31dd1f0 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u3d01f74d7846292c04304c1dd31dd1f0 , .u3d01f74d7846292c04304c1dd31dd1f0:hover , .u3d01f74d7846292c04304c1dd31dd1f0:visited , .u3d01f74d7846292c04304c1dd31dd1f0:active { border:0!important; } .u3d01f74d7846292c04304c1dd31dd1f0 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u3d01f74d7846292c04304c1dd31dd1f0 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webki t-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u3d01f74d7846292c04304c1dd31dd1f0:active , .u3d01f74d7846292c04304c1dd31dd1f0:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u3d01f74d7846292c04304c1dd31dd1f0 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative; } .u3d01f74d7846292c04304c1dd31dd1f0 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u3d01f74d7846292c04304c1dd31dd1f0 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u3d01f74d7846292c04304c1dd31dd1f0 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url( https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3d01f74d7846292c04304c1dd31dd1f0:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u3d01f74d7846292c04304c1dd31dd1f0 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left: 18px; top: 0; } .u3d01f74d7846292c04304c1dd31dd1f0 .u3d01f74d7846292c04304c1dd31dd1f0-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u3d01f74d7846292c04304c1dd31dd1f0:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Was the Revolution neccessary Essay

Women’s Contribution in the Union Army Essay Example

Women’s Contribution in the Union Army Essay The Civil War not only led to the end of slavery, but it also led to the emancipation of women.  Ã‚   Early America was a country of men who determined that the women’s place was at home. Married women had no right to own property. The husband owned everything she inherited or earned. She cannot enter into any contract and she could not vote. Women belonging to the more prosperous families spend their time learning polite manners and needlework and to play an instrument and to dance the waltz. It was a quite a struggle if one desires to acquire higher education. In the mid-nineteenth century, the movement for the abolition of slavery was gaining ground. There were several women who figured prominently as abolitionists and among these were Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cody Stanton. They were sent to London as delegates to an anti-slavery convention.   However, they found the doors closed to them because of the old prejudice that â€Å"women belong at home.† The result of the two ladies’ indignation at such treatment was the first women’s rights convention held at Seneca Falls, New York in 1848. The outcome of this was the formation of the Women’s Suffrage Association. 1 Despite this digression, Mott and Stanton remained full time abolitionists as it was with countless other women. They share the common opinion that slavery was wrong and it was their duty, both moral and religious, to have the institution abolished. The writer, Frederick Douglass had written, â€Å"When the true history of the antislavery cause shall be written, women will occupy a large space in its pages; for the cause of the slave has been peculiarly womans cause.† 2 We will write a custom essay sample on Women’s Contribution in the Union Army specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Women’s Contribution in the Union Army specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Women’s Contribution in the Union Army specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This opinion had, in essence, provided a radical change in women’s attitudes due to their commitment to it. In calling for abolition, they were calling for a change in status quo in all areas be it poetical, economics, religious or social. They had to step out of their houses into streets and parlors and meeting houses to speak against slavery against slavery. They learned to reason, to discuss, to argue. In organizing settlements, they manifested their innate administrative and financial capabilities. They challenged authority and even broke laws by aiding fugitive slaves. They also challenged traditional gender roles. Women started to make their presence felt in society and in politics. Hence, their perception of self began to change as they began to feel their independence from the shadow of men. This was the prevailing mood amongst the women of the North when the war broke out between states. While some women merely continued to work for the anti-slavery cause, some opted to work directly with the fighting men of the Union Army. Among these were Mary Livermore and Clara Barton. Both were born in 1821 in Massachusetts, both became teachers and both labored for the relief of soldiers during the Civil War. Mary and her clergyman husband had already been active in working for the freedom of slaves. The tuning point in their decision to assist directly in the war effort was the Union’s loss in Fredericksburg, Virginia. Morale was law and casualties were high. Together with Jane Hoge, they believed that something must be done that could directly benefit the men in the battlefields. So, they joined they joined the U.S. Sanitary Commission where they were able to organize aid societies which will secure food, bandages and other supplies. Throughout the Northeast, they were able to organize such societies. Livermore visited wounded soldiers. She was able to cut through complicated bureaucracy in securing discharges or furloughs for the wounded which would have otherwise taken them till the war ended before their papers could get processed. She helped families reunite with their missing love ones by going through voluminous hospital lists. The war dragged on and it was wreaking havoc o n the treasury coffers. Livermore and Hoge hit upon another great plan to assist. They will organize a fundraiser for the Sanitary Commission of Chicago. They would enjoin all patriots to donate items which can be sold or auctioned off. They aimed to raise USD25,000. The male leadership of Chicago were not very enthusiastic about the project but went along with it. The women, on the other hand, attacked it with zeal. Livermore wrote President Lincoln and asked him to donate the original manuscript of the Emancipation Proclamation. Lincoln sent it to her two weeks later and got in the auction block for USD3,000. After numerous letters, circulars and promotional speaking engagements together with seamless organization, the fair raised USD86,000, far ahead of anyone’s expectations. Her enthusiasm had earned her the moniker Unionist Joan of Arc. 3 Clara Barton, on the other hand, went into the hospitals and into the battlefield to nurse the wounded soldiers. She worked outside government jurisdiction in bringing food to the wounded, aiding fallen soldiers and spending countless hours to write to the relatives of the dead and helping relatives to find out what happened to their missing family member. After the war, she set up an agency for finding missing men. She also went on to establish the Red Cross in the United States. 4 Over 8,000 women worked as nurses during the Civil War on the Union side alone. They came from backgrounds from the working-class women to those from the middle-class who had never worked a day in their lives. They were either volunteers, members of the local aid committees, relatives of the wounded or former slaves. Most did not have any education or training. Only a few were tasked to assist in amputations or the change dressings.   I narrative Hospital Pencillings by Elvira Powers, she explained her role: she had charge of the diet, covered crutches and procured pads for amputated limbs, filled petitions for furloughs and back pay, wrote letters and read to patients, organized sing† alongs, baked an occasional cake, arranged prints for the walls, and tried to have something on a little stand, which should represent or bring to mind a cabinet, to make them think of home. In short, have tried to make my ward look as Miss B. expressed it, `as if there was a woman in it. 5 Nurses were generally called upon to  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   to offer moral and spiritual support which seemed mundane but worth a great deal to the wounded Dorothea Lynde Dix was almost sixty when she offered her serices along with about 3,200 volunteer nurses. She was already well-known by that time because of her tireless effort ser to bring about better conditions for people suffering from mental illness. Kindness soon began to take place of brutal treatment and hospitals intended exclusively for their care was built. The Union Army gave her a military commission as Superintendent of United States Army Nurses on June 10, 1861 and under her abler able supervision, hospitals got built and volunteer groups of women throughout the North were sent to work. 6 Another famous nurse was Mary Ann Bickerdyke. She did not have much of an education and had a rather strong earthy yet callous and unrestrained style. She refused to be hindered by the rules and regulations that could get in the way of her determination and dedication to the welfare of her patients. A memorable anecdote was when she ordered the breastworks of the tent hospital taken down and burnt like firewood   just to keep the severely wounded men from freezing to death. She had been subjected to threats of arrests and various complaints. However, she had a patron in the person of Maj. Gen. William T. Sherman who declared that, â€Å"Mother Bickerdyke outranks everybody, even Lincoln.† 7 Women also contributed to the war effort by going behind enemy lines. Several had been documented to have served as spies for the North and fed them information. Among these were Pauline Cushman, an actress and a spy under the Union’s secret service. She got caught and was meted the death sentence but was saved from the noose by fortuitous events. Harriet Tubman, known for her affiliation with the Underground Railroad, also organized spy network and expeditions that once led to the capture of 800 slaves from their white owners. Elizabeth Van Lew resided in Michigan. She clothed and fed the Union prisoners and was able to put a spy in Jefferson Davis’ home. Mary Elizabeth Bowser served as a maid in the Confederate White House. Sarah Emma Edmonds was a private in the army. She claimed that it was Gen. George B. McClellan who recruited her to spy for the North. At one time, she even pretended to be a Negro to be better able to spy on the Confederates. 8 Sarah Edmonds was not the only one to dress up as a man to get into the Union Army. In a diary entry dated May 9, 1862 by Sarah Morgan, she exclaimed, â€Å"O if I was only a man! Then I could don the breeches, and slay them with a will! 9 This was a sentiment desired not only by a handful of women, it seems. In fact, evidence can prove that there were at least 240 women who pretended to be men. There was Sarah Rosetta Wakeman alias Lyons Wakeman, Jennie Hodgers alias Albert D.J. Cashiers and Sarah Emma Edmonds alias rankling Thompson.   Edmonds service in the army under the Second Michigan Infantry had her as a nurse, mail and dispatch carrier. It earned her a pension and membership in the Grand Army of the Republic where she was the only female member. There were also accounts about Maria Lewis, an African American woman who not only pretended to be a man, she pretended to be a white man. Out of the thirty five cavalry troopers who served under Col. Henry C. Gilbert, five of the m were said to be women. 10 The fact remains, however, that women were forbidden to enlist in the army. Therefore, deception was necessary to gain entry and participate in the war through direct combat. Their true identities were discovered only by accident or because they were casualties. Mary Owens alias John Evans was discovered when she suffered a wound in her arm after serving for eighteen months. She went home amidst press publicity and a warm welcome. Mary Seaberry alias Charles Freeman, a private with the Fifty-second Ohia Infantry was discharged from the service when her gender was discovered after getting admitted in a hospital for serious fever. Sarah Edmonds preferred to desert when she contracted malaria than face the risk of discovery. There were others who disclosed it in a memoir like Lt. Henry Buford otherwise known as Loreta Velasquez. Safronia Smith Hunt’s army stint in the Iowa Regiment was disclosed in her obituary. Albert D.J. Cashier’s identity was not discovered until 1913 in the Illinois Soldiers Home by the in-house surgeon. She enlisted in the Union Army in 1862 when she was only nineteen. She spent her entire adult life passing off as a man. No one suspected that she was not who she claimed to be. 11 The reasons for â€Å"donning breeches† vary from woman to woman. It could be that they wanted to fight side by side with their husband or brother. It could be due to economic reasons and the promise of a regular paycheck. They could be looking for excitement. What is sure, nonetheless, was that they were primarily motivated by patriotism. Their enlistment was voluntary. They knew the risks and yet they persisted in contributing to the war effort in the only way they knew how. According to Blanton, the woman soldier’s contribution to the war may not be significant to the point of altering its course, but it is significant that women even fought. They went against their upbringing and challenged the prejudices existing at that time. They defied the unequal treatment accorded women as mandated by society just to be able to fight for their state. Their actions were revolutionary as well as noble. 12 The abolition conflict that led to the Civil War and then the war itself opened opportunities for women to discover themselves through wage earning work, aid societies, volunteering as nurses and even enlisting in the army. It transformed the women’s domestic and civic roles. This is contradicted by Nina Silber, however, by stating that this was actually â€Å"an inhospitable environment for women† as it â€Å"stems from patriarchal and nationalistic emphasis of the Union War effort† and continued dependence on the male-run bureaucracy was evident. 13 However, the events following the Civil War proves her wrong. The women’s rights groups grew stronger. It gained more members after the war and had made much headway in their demand for rights and the male-dominated government displayed more tolerance to their demands. Mary Livermore summed up her wartime experiences and attributed her transformation and her passion to the events during the war. It was not [feminist] Lucy Stone who converted me to Woman Suffrage, she told an audience of womans rights activists in 1870, nor even my own husband, who had been talking it to me for fifteen years. It was the war and the strength of character which it developed in our women. Knowing, then, the qualities of woman and her courage and bravery under trials, I can never cease to demand that she shall have just as large a sphere as man has. 14 The actions of the women during the Civil War made them realize their power and independence. Women’s contributions were both patriotic and timely to the call for legal and political rights. nbsp;